When handling dangerous substances, safety is our top priority. It is essential to have the appropriate antidotes on hand for every toxin we provide. Accidents can happen, whether during transportation, handling, or in the event of unintended exposure. To ensure the safety of everyone involved, we require that each toxin be shipped with its corresponding antidote. Below, you’ll find a comprehensive list of antidotes for the toxins we offer, along with detailed instructions on how to administer them and their pricing
1. Arsenic Poison
- Antidote: Dimercaprol (BAL)
- Administration: Intramuscular injection
- Doses Needed: 2.5 mg/kg every 4 hours for the first two days, every 6 hours for the next two days, and then every 12 hours for up to 10 days.
- How It Works: Dimercaprol chelates arsenic, allowing it to be excreted through the urine.
- Duration for Toxin Flush: 7-14 days, depending on the severity of poisoning.
- Pricing: $400 per dose. Typically, 20-30 doses are required.
2. Aconitine
- Antidote: Supportive care, including antiarrhythmic drugs (e.g., lidocaine)
- Administration: Intravenous for antiarrhythmic drugs
- Doses Needed: Depends on the clinical response; continuous monitoring required.
- How It Works: Antiarrhythmic drugs stabilize heart rhythm and counteract toxicity.
- Duration for Toxin Flush: Usually 24-48 hours with continuous supportive care.
- Pricing: $50 per vial of antiarrhythmic drugs; the number of vials varies.
3. Batrachotoxin
- Antidote: Supportive care with activated charcoal and respiratory support
- Administration: Oral activated charcoal and mechanical ventilation if necessary
- Doses Needed: Single dose of activated charcoal (50-100 grams)
- How It Works: Activated charcoal absorbs the toxin in the gastrointestinal tract; respiratory support prevents respiratory failure.
- Duration for Toxin Flush: 24-72 hours, depending on the severity.
- Pricing: $20 per dose of activated charcoal.
4. Botulinum Toxin
- Antidote: Botulinum Antitoxin
- Administration: Intravenous infusion
- Doses Needed: One-time dose of antitoxin
- How It Works: The antitoxin neutralizes circulating toxin molecules.
- Duration for Toxin Flush: Variable, but symptoms may last several weeks; the antitoxin prevents progression.
- Pricing: $3,500 per vial; typically one vial is needed.
5. Cyanide (Potassium Cyanide)
- Antidote: Hydroxocobalamin (Cyanokit) or Sodium Thiosulfate and Sodium Nitrite
- Administration: Intravenous infusion
- Doses Needed: Initial dose of 5g Hydroxocobalamin, may repeat once; Sodium Thiosulfate 12.5g
- How It Works: Hydroxocobalamin binds cyanide to form a non-toxic compound; Sodium Thiosulfate helps convert cyanide to thiocyanate, which is excreted in the urine.
- Duration for Toxin Flush: Hours to a few days, depending on severity.
- Pricing: $900 per 5g dose of Hydroxocobalamin; $150 per dose of Sodium Thiosulfate.
6. Dimethylmercury
- Antidote: Chelation therapy with Dimercaprol (BAL)
- Administration: Intramuscular injection
- Doses Needed: Similar to arsenic; 2.5 mg/kg every 4 hours initially
- How It Works: Dimercaprol chelates mercury, enhancing its excretion.
- Duration for Toxin Flush: Several weeks to months due to mercury’s persistence in tissues.
- Pricing: $400 per dose; the total number of doses varies.
7. Dimethylcadmium
- Antidote: No specific antidote; supportive care with chelation therapy (dimercaprol)
- Administration: Intramuscular injection of chelators
- Doses Needed: Varies; similar to arsenic and dimethylmercury.
- How It Works: Chelation therapy helps to remove cadmium from the body.
- Duration for Toxin Flush: Several days to weeks, depending on exposure level.
- Pricing: $400 per dose; dosage requirements vary.
8. Maitotoxin
- Antidote: Supportive care, primarily respiratory and cardiovascular support
- Administration: Mechanical ventilation and intravenous fluids
- Doses Needed: Continuous supportive care until the toxin is cleared.
- How It Works: Supports vital functions while the body metabolizes and excretes the toxin.
- Duration for Toxin Flush: A few days to a week.
- Pricing: Cost of supportive care can vary widely; typically $500/day in a hospital setting.
9. Polonium-210
- Antidote: Prussian Blue and Potassium Iodide
- Administration: Oral
- Doses Needed: Daily doses for weeks to months, depending on contamination level.
- How It Works: Prussian Blue binds radioactive particles in the gut, reducing absorption; Potassium Iodide protects the thyroid.
- Duration for Toxin Flush: Weeks to months; requires prolonged treatment.
- Pricing: Prussian Blue costs around $200 per dose; Potassium Iodide is around $20 per dose.
10. Ricin
- Antidote: Supportive care with activated charcoal if ingested
- Administration: Oral activated charcoal, intravenous fluids
- Doses Needed: Single dose of activated charcoal (50-100 grams)
- How It Works: Activated charcoal binds to the toxin in the GI tract; fluids maintain hydration.
- Duration for Toxin Flush: 1-2 weeks, depending on the amount ingested and response to supportive care.
- Pricing: $20 per dose of activated charcoal.
11. Sarin
- Antidote: Atropine and Pralidoxime (2-PAM)
- Administration: Intramuscular injection or intravenous infusion
- Doses Needed: Atropine 2mg every 5-10 minutes until symptoms subside; Pralidoxime 600 mg every 15 minutes for 3 doses.
- How It Works: Atropine blocks acetylcholine receptors, counteracting the toxin; Pralidoxime reactivates acetylcholinesterase.
- Duration for Toxin Flush: Hours to days with proper treatment.
- Pricing: Atropine $30 per dose; Pralidoxime $100 per dose.
12. Tetrodotoxin
- Antidote: Supportive care with gastric lavage and respiratory support
- Administration: Intubation and mechanical ventilation as needed
- Doses Needed: Supportive care until toxin clears; no specific number of doses.
- How It Works: Supports vital functions while the body metabolizes and eliminates the toxin.
- Duration for Toxin Flush: 24-48 hours.
- Pricing: Supportive care can vary widely; typically $1,000/day in an ICU setting.
13. VR Nerve Agent
- Antidote: Atropine and Pralidoxime (2-PAM)
- Administration: Similar to Sarin
- Doses Needed: Similar to Sarin
- How It Works: Similar mechanism to Sarin antidote.
- Duration for Toxin Flush: Hours to days with treatment.
- Pricing: Similar to Sarin.
14. Heliotrope (Contains Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids)
- Antidote: No specific antidote; supportive care focusing on liver function
- Administration: Symptomatic treatment and liver support medications
- Doses Needed: Varies; continuous care based on liver damage severity.
- How It Works: Supports liver function and prevents further damage.
- Duration for Toxin Flush: Weeks to months, depending on liver damage.
- Pricing: Supportive care costs vary.
15. Colchicine
- Antidote: No specific antidote; supportive care with aggressive hydration
- Administration: Oral or intravenous fluids
- Doses Needed: Continuous care as needed; no specific number of doses.
- How It Works: Maintains hydration and renal function to aid in toxin elimination.
- Duration for Toxin Flush: Several days to weeks.
- Pricing: $200/day for supportive care
16. Cicutoxin (Water Hemlock)
- Antidote: Benzodiazepines (such as Diazepam or Lorazepam) for seizure control
- Administration: Intravenous (IV) administration of benzodiazepines
- Doses Needed: Initial dose of Diazepam 5-10 mg or Lorazepam 4 mg, repeated every 5-10 minutes until seizures are controlled.
- How It Works: Benzodiazepines enhance the effect of GABA, a neurotransmitter that inhibits nerve activity, helping to control seizures caused by cicutoxin.
- Duration for Toxin Flush: Typically 24-48 hours with supportive care.
- Pricing: $50 per dose; multiple doses may be needed.
17. Amatoxin (Amanita phalloides)
- Antidote: Silibinin (a milk thistle extract) and activated charcoal
- Administration: Oral or intravenous administration of Silibinin; oral activated charcoal
- Doses Needed: Silibinin 20-50 mg/kg/day for up to 7 days; single dose of activated charcoal (50-100 grams).
- How It Works: Silibinin inhibits toxin uptake in liver cells and promotes liver regeneration; activated charcoal binds toxins in the GI tract.
- Duration for Toxin Flush: Several days to a week, depending on the amount ingested.
- Pricing: Silibinin $400 per day; activated charcoal $20 per dose.
18. Amanita Virosa (Destroying Angel Mushroom)
- Antidote: Similar to Amatoxin – Silibinin and activated charcoal
- Administration: Same as Amatoxin
- Doses Needed: Same as Amatoxin
- How It Works: Same mechanism as for Amatoxin poisoning.
- Duration for Toxin Flush: Similar to Amatoxin
- Pricing: Similar to Amatoxin
19. Thiopental X Pentobarbital (Barbiturates)
- Antidote: No specific antidote; supportive care with activated charcoal and alkaline diuresis
- Administration: Oral activated charcoal; intravenous fluids for diuresis
- Doses Needed: Single dose of activated charcoal (50-100 grams); continuous IV fluids.
- How It Works: Charcoal binds the toxin in the GI tract, and diuresis speeds up elimination through urine.
- Duration for Toxin Flush: 24-48 hours depending on the amount ingested.
- Pricing: Activated charcoal $20 per dose; supportive care $200/day.
20. Tetraethyl Lead
- Antidote: Chelation therapy with Calcium Disodium EDTA (CaNa2EDTA)
- Administration: Intravenous
- Doses Needed: 1,000-1,500 mg/m²/day, administered in 2-4 divided doses for 5 days, followed by 2 days off, then repeated if needed.
- How It Works: Chelates lead ions, increasing their excretion via the kidneys.
- Duration for Toxin Flush: Several days to weeks, depending on the extent of exposure.
- Pricing: $150 per dose; multiple doses over several days may be needed.
Summary of Antidote Pricing and Doses:
| Toxin | Antidote | Price per Dose | Doses Required | Total Cost Estimate |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Arsenic | Dimercaprol | $400 | 20-30 | $8,000 – $12,000 |
| Aconitine | Antiarrhythmic drugs | $50 | Varies | Varies |
| Batrachotoxin | Activated Charcoal | $20 | 1 | $20 |
| Botulinum Toxin | Botulinum Antitoxin | $3,500 | 1 | $3,500 |
| Cyanide | Hydroxocobalamin, Sodium Thiosulfate | $900, $150 | 1-2, 1 | $1,050 – $2,100 |
| Dimethylmercury | Dimercaprol | $400 | 20-30 | $8,000 – $12,000 |
| Dimethylcadmium | Supportive care | Varies | Varies | Varies |
| Maitotoxin | Supportive care | $500/day | 3-7 days | $1,500 – $3,500 |
| Polonium-210 | Prussian Blue, Potassium Iodide | $200, $20 | 10-30 days | $2,200 – $6,600 |
| Ricin | Activated Charcoal | $20 | 1 | $20 |
| Sarin | Atropine, Pralidoxime | $30, $100 | Multiple | $500 – $1,500 |
| Tetrodotoxin | Supportive care | $1,000/day | 1-2 days | $1,000 – $2,000 |
| VR Nerve Agent | Atropine, Pralidoxime | $30, $100 | Multiple | $500 – $1,500 |
| Heliotrope | Supportive care | Varies | Varies | Varies |
| Colchicine | Supportive care | $200/day | 3-7 days | $600 – $1,400 |
| Cicutoxin | Benzodiazepines | $50 | Multiple | $100 – $300 |
| Amatoxin | Silibinin, Activated Charcoal | $400/day, $20 | 7 days, 1 | $2,820 |
| Amanita Virosa | Silibinin, Activated Charcoal | $400/day, $20 | 7 days, 1 | $2,820 |
| Thiopental X Pentobarbital | Activated Charcoal | $20 | 1 | $20 |
| Tetraethyl Lead | CaNa2EDTA | $150 | Multiple (10+) | $1,500 – $3,000 |
Note:
These prices and doses are estimates. The actual treatment may vary based on the patient’s condition, the severity of the poisoning, and medical protocols. All antidotes should only be administered under the guidance of a qualified healthcare professional.